2. Define primary health care
.Mention its components/elements.
Ans: PHC: “Essential
health care based on practical scientifically sound and socially acceptable
methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families
in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the
community and the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their
development in the spirit of self-determination”.
Components/ Elements of PHC:
(a)
Education and information about prevailing health problems and methods of
preventing and controlling them;
(b) Promotion
of food supply or nutrition;
(c) An
adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation;
(d)
Maternal and child health care including family planning;
(e)
Immunization against infection diseases
(f) Preventing
and control of endemic diseases
(g)
Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries , and
(h) Provision
of essential drugs.
1. Define health According to who
.Give a short description of dimension of health?
Ans: Health: According to
WHO “Health is state of complete physical mantel and social wellbeing and not
merely an absence of infirmity, so that each citizen can lead a social and economically
productive life”
There are four major dimension of health included in the WHO
definition of health- physical, mental social and spiritual.
(a) Physical:
It is concerned with physical health and biological as a state which every cell
and every organ is functioning at optimum capacity and in perfect harmony with
the rest of the body.
(b) Mental:
It conceptualizes that mental health is not mere absence of mental health as “A
state of balance the individual and the surrounding world, state of harmony
between oneself and others, a coexistence between the realities of the self and
that other people, and that of the environment ”
(c) Social:
The social dimension of health includes the level of social skill of an
individual social functioning and the ability to use oneself as a member of
large society.
(d) Spiritual:
As spiritual dimension of human civilization has an important role in fashioning and meaning human life both
as an individual and as member of the society so it has an impact in health
disease.
3. Discus’ the determination’s of
health? Discus
Ans: Some of the major
determination of health are as follows:
1. Genetic:
some follows:
(a) Physical and mental traits.
(b) immunity status.
(c) Genetic predisposition
– A number of disease are known to be . geneticin origin
e,g.,sickle cell disease hemophilia , mental retardation, some types of
diabetes etc.
(d) racial traite- certain
diseases are common in people of specific
racial origin, e,g. thalassemia.
2. Environment:
(a) Internal
environment It pertains to each and
every component part ,every tissue organ and organ system and their harmonious
functioning with in the human body system.
(b) External
environment are physical biological and psychosocial.
(c) Microenvironment,
Habits- eating habit personal habit e.g. smoking or drinking, Occupation,
Culture.
3. Lifestyle:
It is composed of cultural and behavioral patterns and lifelong personal habits.
Some of the lifestyle factors are harmful and some are healthful.
(a) Care
of the body regarding bathing and washing
(b) Care
of clothing
(c) Care
of teeth
(d) Care
of hair
(e) Care
of feet and nails
(f) Care
of posture
(g) Cultivating
good habit regarding eating diet, exercise, sleep, smoking, drinking and
attitudes towards life.
4. Socio-economic
and political conditions:
(a) pre
capita
(b) affluence/
poverty
(c) especially
female education
(d) Occupation
(e) Political
system
5. Health
and family welfare service:
(a) Immunization
of children
(b) Provision
of safe water supply
(c) Maternal
and child health care
(d) Other
essential health-related programmers.